Dans la mythologie grecque, Ganymède (en grec ancien Γανυμήδης / Ganumếdês) est un jeune mortel qui succède à la déesse Hébé dans la fonction d'échanson des dieux[1]. L'enlèvement de Ganymède est également présent sur certaines mosaïques romaines, dont la Mosaïque des divinités qui décore une pièce de la villa gallo-romaine d'Orbe-Boscéaz[32]. Most ancient sources make it clear that their relationship was a romantic one. En céramique, le thème de Ganymède est fréquemment repris, le plus souvent sur des cratères, ces vases dans lesquels on mélangeait l'eau et le vin à l'occasion des banquets (symposia), tenus entre hommes, au cours desquels les convives auraient rivalisé d'imagination pour célébrer les mérites de leurs éromènes respectifs.Parmi les plus célèbres figure le cratère à figures rouges du Peintre de Berlin : d'un côté, Zeus est figuré en pleine poursuite ; de l'autre, Ganymède joue avec un cerceau, symbole de sa jeunesse. Ganymede also appears in the opening of Christopher Marlowe play Dido, Queene of Carthage, where his and Zeus’s affectionate banter is interrupted by an angry Hera. Il épargne l'adolescent en plantant ses serres dans son vêtement »[29].Cette délicatesse de l'aigle fut souvent louée par la suite : Straton de Sardes l'évoque dans l'une de ses épigrammes[30], de même que Martial[31]. Homère (Iliade) relate que Ganymède est réputé être le plus beau des mortels[23] et qu'il est enlevé par « des dieux »[24]. Ganymede was frequently represented in works of art as a beautiful (nude) youth with the Phrygian cap, and sometimes with a cloak draped across his shoulder. Dans toutes les configurations, c'est un descendant de Zeus. nécessaire]. [26] The largest moon of the planet Jupiter (named after Zeus's Roman counterpart) was named Ganymede by the German astronomer Simon Marius.[27]. Dans ceux-ci, en effet, Ganymède s'explique, non par l'hiver qui envoie les pluies tel un « échanson » de Jupiter, c'est-à-dire de l'air, ni par le signe céleste du Verseau, mais bien par ce qui est emporté par l'aigle. Michelangelo's Ganymede. Adapting an 1892 lithograph by. La Renaissance a vu resurgir d'innombrables représentations de ce mythe : (Michel-Ange, Benvenuto Cellini, Antonio Allegri)[réf. [46] In contrast, Johann Wilhelm Baur portrays a full-grown Ganymede confidently riding the eagle towards Olympus in Ganymede Triumphant (ca. Ganymède devient ainsi l'échanson des dieux et son amant[réf. [36] Ganymede was usually depicted as a muscular young man, although Greek and Roman sculpture typically depicted his physique as less developed than athletes.[37]. [Ganymedes] was the loveliest born of the race of mortals, and thereforethe gods caught him away to themselves, to be Zeus' wine-pourer,for the sake of his beauty, so he might be among the immortals. One of the earliest depictions of Ganymede is a red-figure krater by the Berlin Painter in the Musée du Louvre. Il tient également un coq, présent pédérastique traditionnel[33]. Cocks were common gifts from older male suitors to younger men they were interested in romantically in 5th century Athens. The myth was a model for the Greek social custom of paiderastía, the socially acceptable romantic relationship between an adult male and an adolescent male. In Antonio Allegri Correggio's Ganymede Abducted by the Eagle (Vienna) Ganymede's grasp is more intimate. Because of his unusual beauty, he was carried off either by the gods or by Zeus , disguised as an eagle , or, according to a Cretan account, by Minos , to serve as cupbearer. [13], The traditions about Ganymede, however, differ greatly in their detail, for some call him a son of Laomedon,[14][15] others a son of Ilus[16] in some version of Dardanus[17] and others, again, of Erichthonius[18] or Assaracus. Ceux-ci figurent dans le mythe d'Héraclès : Laomédon, père de Ganymède selon certaines versions[réf. [5], Ganymede was the son of Tros of Dardania,[6][7][8] from whose name "Troy" was supposedly derived, either by his wife Callirrhoe, daughter of the river god Scamander,[9][10][11] or Acallaris, daughter of Eumedes. "Ganymede". To emphasize the non-normative relation, the work includes a long passage, possibly an ekphrasis derived from Italian art, in which Jupiter in the form of an eagle abducts Ganymede. [36] Leochares (ca. (1911). Ganymede and Zeus in the guise of an eagle were a popular subject on Roman funerary monuments with at least 16 sarcophagi depicting this scene. [40], In Shakespeare's As You Like It (1599), a comedy of mistaken identity in the magical setting of the Forest of Arden, Celia, dressed as a shepherdess, becomes "Aliena" (Latin "stranger", Ganymede's sister) and Rosalind, because she is "more than common tall", dresses up as a boy, Ganymede, a well-known image to the audience. [42], Allusions to Ganymede occur with some frequency in 17th century Spanish theater. 1640s). Thus behind the conventions of Elizabethan theater in its original setting, the young boy playing the girl Rosalind dresses up as a boy and is then courted by another boy playing Phoebe.