3. Goals which are too high to reach may cause frustrations. How large is the family also matters. It involves his evaluation of his environment of other people, and of himself.”Personality indeed, is truly an abstraction, inferred from behaviour, rather than anything tangible and measurable”. Princeton University's Department of Psychology describes the nature of personality as a set of factors that determine cognitions, motivations and behaviors. But it must be remembered that these things, in themselves, are not the major factors in the determination of one’s personality. He points out that two opposing emphasis in these definitions stand out mask approaches and substance approaches. These differences become more pronounced and complex with increasing age and maturity. The latter environment is more important in the development of personality. In reality personality is the man. What causes these variations? Habit of “posing” is not of social importance, but is certainly a clue for personality. 2. Alcohol depresses certain control functions and results in an apparent stimulating effect. Ectomorphic – fragile and sensitive to exposure. They acquire more characteristics as a result of their interaction with the environment which is different from person to person. Even the ‘sex’ of the child in Hindu homes is a factor to be reckoned with. He may develop a tendency to bully, or to dominate or to protect. As for instance a person may have a beautiful physical appearance, a good character, a robust physique, aggressive or pleasant manners and accordingly he is a Tine’, ‘a strong’ or ‘a magnetic personality’. His physique and chemique; his emotionality, his intelligence, his character, his sociability all make up his personality. Parathyroid (calcium metabolism)-the explosive type, showing aggressive conduct. (iii) The psychological or mental factors. Privacy Policy3. Of these social factors, the most important are the relationships that obtain in the home and the family, the influence of the school and the play-ground, the social codes and social roles which the individual has to play in the family and in the community. Let me understand some of them to you: Biological and environmental factors are responsible for the development of personality. For example an excess of insulin secreted by pancreas may take the individual fatigued, anxious or tremulous. It is the totality of his being. Let me start with Biological Factors: Biological factors are also known as heredity factors. 9. 6. Hippocrates (400 B.C.) Intellectual aspect, the various abilities, memory, thought, power, power to discriminate and reasoning, imagination and adjustment to situation. The Nature of Personality. Spranger classified individuals according to their reactions toward society as: Theoretical – metaphysician and pure scientists. Repressive discipline will result in rebelliousness or dependence as personality traits. It is the “pattern developed by the integrated function of the traits and characteristics of an individual”. Personality embraces moods, attitudes, and opinions and is most clearly expressed in interactions with other people. It develops the child socially and emotionally and thus contributes to personality development. Personality is a dynamic, growing thing, different in each person. Everything in the world has a shape, physical or abstract. Hypothyroid – lazy and intellectually dull. (c) Besides the home and the school, we are influenced by the various social roles that we have to play in various situations and relationship. While there are many definitions of personality existing, little will be lost if, for the present, we limit ourselves to its most general and abstract meaning: Personality is an hypothetical construct referring to an organized system of reaction tendencies that mediates relations between the person and his/her environment, rendering the person’s behavior distinctive and more or less uniquely identifying. These also play an important part. Read this article to learn about Human Personality: It’s Nature and Development! 9. They are generally found in a certain pattern or form or unity, e.g., honesty and independence, or honesty, sociability and emotional maturity may be the pattern. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. Encouragement, praise and appreciation are more effective than fault-finding, reprimand and scolding or ridicule. 1. It may be defined as the most characteristic integration of an individual structure, modes of interest, attitudes, behaviour and capacities.” – Muirhead. They influence emotional behaviour and hence colour our personality. According to Kretschmer, individuals can be classified into four groups in terms of their physical form and structure: Athletic – muscular and responsive to desirable adjustments. Eucephalitis lethargica may cause serious behaviour problems in a child who has been a joy to both his parents and his teachers. Gordon Allport defines personality as : Personality is the dynamic organisation within the individual of those psycho-physical systems that determine his unique adjustment to his environment”. Personality is the one word in Psychology which is used by most of us, rather carelessly and loosely. These factors determine our reactions in various situations and thus affect our personality, growth and direction. What can parents and teachers do so that their children and pupils develop integrated personality? Cruze defines Personality as “an organised and integrated unity consisting of many elements that work together as a functioning whole”. Psychologists call him a human plant, planted in the social soil, that grows as it spreads its roots in the soil. Intelligence will help him in making adequate adjustments and in collecting facts and in-understanding relationships. It comes from the Latin word ‘persona’ which originally referred to the mask which the Roman and Greek actors used to wear in ancient times, to indicate to the audience whether they played the villain’s or the hero’s role in a drama.